Introduction to intelligent transportation system: overview, classification based on physical architecture, and challenges

The rapid increase in the number of vehicles has become a major problem associated with traffic management. To ameliorate the traffic efficiency and minimisation of mess, the traffic management system (TMS) comes into existence. Traffic control centre (TCC), intelligent transportation system (ITS), and CCTVs are the major elements of TMS. ITS is considered a key element of TMS. It is known for the management of traffic mobility, and management of vehicles by assisting the drivers. ITS is responsible for establishing the communication between the infrastructure and vehicles or among the vehicles. Physical ITS architecture has significance in establishing the link between physical entities and data flow. The current article focuses on the introduction and classification of the ITS model such as centralised, distributed, and hybrid based on the physical architecture. Special emphasis has been given to discussing the issues linked with these models during data dissemination and rerouting.