In Situ Synthesis of AgCl@Ag Plates as Binder-Free Cathodes in a Magnesium Seawater-Activated Battery

A binder-free AgCl@Ag (SPL-A) cathode was prepared via a facile one-step synthesis by the in situ growth of AgCl active material on the surface of Ag foil substrate. Compared with the AgCl cathode (SPL-B) prepared by the traditional smelting-rolling method, the coarse-grained particulates of AgCl in AgCl@Ag cathode facilitated the permeation of the electrolyte. In addition, it exhibited a preferred growth orientation of the (111), (222), and (311) crystal planes to reduce the charge transfer resistance. The electrochemical behaviors of the optimized SPL-A-24 cathode (prepared with reaction time of 24 h) and the SPL-B cathode were also compared. The galvanostatic discharge results showed that SPL-A-24 cathode had a more positive electrode potential than SPL-B cathode (-0.06 V vs -0.19 V at 50 mA cm(-2)). Moreover, SPL-A cathode exhibited a stable discharge process that SPL-B cathode could not achieve at 100 mA cm(-2) and 250 mA cm(-2). The magnesium seawater-activated battery assembled with SPL-A-24 cathode displayed a shorter time to reach the voltage plateau (0.2 s), a higher maximum discharge voltage (1.69 V), a larger specific power (255.5 mWh g(-1)), and higher specific capacity (167.7 mAh g(-1)) at the discharge current density of 50 mA cm(-2).