Effect of electromagnetic radiation on the liver structure and ultrastructure of in utero irradiated rats

The aim of this study was to observe the influence of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the structure and ultrastructure of the rat's liver. The pregnant rats used in the experiment were exposed to a pulsed microwave radiation (frequency of 2.45 GHz; mean power density of 2.8 mW/cm(2)) daily for 2 h, throughout their pregnancy. After delivery, the offspring was not exposed to EMR. Samples of the liver of 5-week-old offspring were subjected to histopathological evaluation. They were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Our results indicated that EMR did not cause pronounced changes in the structure of the liver of the investigated offspring. The size and shape of liver lobuli was preserved and the amount of connective tissue in the liver parenchyma did not increase. However, electron microscopy revealed changes in the shape and number of microvilli at the vascular pole of hepatocytes, and formation of vesicles of various shapes and sizes. The endothelial cells were swollen with larger fenestrations compared to the control group. The spaces of Disse were irregular and dilated. Even though these changes were only mild, further studies are needed to determine the effect of EMR and clarify its potential risk during pregnancy.