Review of guidelines for sustainable municipal waste management: best practices in Brazil

Current integrated management systems involve several dimensions since sustainability has among its fundamental principles the protection of public health and the minimisation of environmental, social and economic impacts. The aim of this study was to provide a review of guidelines for achieving integrated sustainable waste management (ISWM) by presenting a selected best practice in Brazilian cities. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify current systems and best practices in waste management. The results evidenced the significant role played by all the actors involved (population, private sector, authorities and non-governmental organisations). Political, legal and institutional guidelines ensure an adequate management planning through technical studies, drafting of legislation and technical and operational structure for the provision of services. The economic aspects guarantee the financial sustainability of the system. The socio-environmental guidelines provide for the minimisation of environmental impacts through the reduction of waste generation and social inclusion. The best practices in Brazil showed that municipalities that adopt sustainable integrated management have higher rates of recycling, social engagement, social inclusion, economic sustainability and reduced impacts on the environment. These guidelines serve as a planning tool for any local government to structure an ISWM system.