Plasmonic Gold Nanorod Size-Controlled: Optical, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Efficiency Improved Tin Disulfide Vacuum-Free Hybrid Solar Cells

The different size of plasmonic gold nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by the overgrown seeds method and applied to vacuum-free hybrid solar cells (VFHSCs). Tin disulfide (SnS2) quantum dots were synthesized and used as an n-type material of the device. The synthesized materials were characterized by different techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Au (NRs) had a different of size of NR1 (Width: 4 nm; Length: 12 nm), NR2 (Width: 5 nm; Length: 16 nm), NR3 (Width: 6 nm; Length: 22 nm) which were measured using a TEM technique. The Au NR particles were incorporated into the PEDOT:PSS as a hole transport layer (HTL) of solar cells device. The effects of Au NRs size on the device performance were investigated. A thin film of Zin oxide (ZnO) was used as a buffer layer of the device. The influence of buffer layer thickness on the device's active layer surface morphology was also studied. At the optimized condition, the highest power conversion efficiency was obtained at about ~3.7%.