Effects of cold-rolling and subsequent annealing on the nano-mechanical and creep behaviors of CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy

The influences of thermomechanical treatment on the microstructural evolution and nano-mechanical behaviors of CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA) were systematically studied through a series of nanoindentation experiments. Cold-rolling induced substantial grain refinement and during subsequent annealing, the CrCoNi MEA exhibited a highly temperature-dependent recrystallized microstructure characterized by significant variations in grain size, dislocation density, and twin fraction with increasing annealing temperature. The hardness of the cold-rolled sample increased with annealing temperature, reaching its highest value at 600 °C and then decreasing gradually. Annealing was also found to influence the creep behaviors of the CrCoNi MEAs. A cold-rolled sample annealed at 700 °C exhibited the highest resistance to creep. The results of a detailed microstructure examination, calculations, and theoretical analysis revealed that annealing twins play a key role in increasing both the strength and the creep resistance of the CrCoNi MEAs. Short-range order clusters also contributed to the strength and creep resistance.