Effects of different vegetation restoration on soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial communities in degraded karst landscapes in southwest China

•The construction of deciduous broad-leaved forest having the greatest effect.•PH, soil microbial biomass carbon, and urease activity significantly increased bacterial diversity.•PH and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were the key driving factors of the soil bacterial community.•Sucrase activity can promote the increase of phototrophy functional bacteria.