Time Resolved Measurements of pH in Aqueous Magnesium-Air Batteries during Discharge and Its Impact for Future Applications

In aqueous magnesium air batteries, the influence of the electrochemical behavior on pH of the electrolyte has not been investigated yet, which has a critical effect on the cell performance. We have monitored the evolution of the pH at various discharge current densities in situ in the Mg-air primary cells, which produce sparingly soluble magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)(2)). These experiments show the temporal evolution of the pH of the electrolyte in the cell discharge, depending on the current density. The pH first increases rapidly to a maximum of pH 11 and then drops down slowly to the equilibrium at pH 10.7. At the peak pH oversaturation of Mg(OH)(2) is paramount, leading to the precipitation which balances the Mg(OH)(2) concentration in the electrolyte. This precipitation process coats both cathode and anode which leads to a decrease in cell efficiency and voltage. The results show that the cell design of Mg-air batteries is important for their lifetime and cell performance. The performance of the aqueous magnesium cell is increased several folds when the design is changed to a simple electrolyte flow cell.