A Second-Order Review on Parental Involvement Effects on Student Achievement and Motivation

This second-order review examines how different forms of parental involvement (home-based parental involvement, school-based parental involvement, and academic socialization) can promote students' academic achievement and motivation. The systematic evaluation of 18 meta-analyses shows mainly positive effects that vary in size. The authors suggest in their conclusions several ways in which schools can use their pedagogical expertise to support parental involvement.