Variation in Survival After Cardiopulmonary Arrest in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories in the United States

BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrest during cardiac catheterization is not uncommon. The extent of variation in survival after cardiac arrest occurring in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) and underlying factors are not well known. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with higher survival rates after an index cardiac arrest in the CCL. METHODS Within the GWTG (Get With The Guidelines)-Resuscitation registry, patients $18 years of age who had index in-hospital cardiac arrest in the CCL between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2017, were identified. Hierarchical models were used to adjust for demographics, comorbidities, and cardiac arrest characteristics to generate risk-adjusted survival rates (RASRs) to discharge for each hospital with $5 cases during the study period. Median OR was used to quantify the extent of hospital-level variation in RASR. RESULTS The study included 4,787 patients from 231 hospitals. The median RASR was 36% (IQR: 21%) and varied from a median of 20% to 52% among hospitals in the lowest and highest tertiles of RASR, respectively. The median OR was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.52-1.87), suggesting that the odds of survival for patients with identical characteristics with in-hospital cardiac arrest in the CCL from 2 randomly chosen different hospitals varied by 71%. Hospitals with greater annual numbers of cardiac arrest cases in the CCL had higher RASRs. CONCLUSIONS Even in controlled settings such as the CCL, there is significant hospital-level variation in survival after in- hospital cardiac arrest, which suggests an important opportunity to improve resuscitation outcomes in procedural areas. (J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2022;15:2463- 2471) (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/).