Experimental parametric study of hierarchical micro/nano electrodeposited (six-step) pattern with respect to volcano-shape morphology in pool boiling performance augmentation

One of the methods to improve the pool boiling process is electrodeposition, which is cheap, simple, and creates a strong bond in the structure. Besides, it can produce controllable porosity and improve boiling performance. In this paper, experiments were conducted in atmospheric conditions, using deionized water and hierarchical patterns created by a combination of 6-step electrodeposition and photolithography. The modified surfaces are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images, and profilometric analysis. Besides, the effect of various parameters, including diameter, distance from perimeter to perimeter and wettability, along with the effect of nucleation site's density (NSD), and effective surface area were investigated. Prediction of critical heat flux (CHF) values and experimental data showed that capillary effect of these surfaces increased the maximum heat flux compared to the plain surface. Also, changing the morphology of deposition and creating the volcano-shape structures were identified as a more suitable place for nucleation and enhancing the capillary effect and the effect of porosity and roughness. The maximum heat flux and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) for sample number 16 reached 145.36 W/cm(2) and 13.13W/K.cm(2) respectively, which was proportional to the improvement of 118.8% and 119% relative to the plain surface.