GREEN BIOTECHNOLOGIES USED IN THE RESTORATION OF MURAL PAINTING AND LITHIC SUPPORT: REVIEW

The development of effective and non-destructive conservation strategies is based on understanding the role of microorganisms as biodeteriogens and their metabolites in biocleaning and biological control. An efficient alternative to traditional strategy in restoration is biorestoration based on different green biotechnologies where microorganisms and their enzymes are main actors. They are used both in bioconsolidation due to their ability to produce calcium carbonate precipitation and biocleaning. Microorganisms are used as viable cells brushed on the art works or embedded in carriers. Biorestoration is characterised by low cost and invasiveness, high specificity, easy control, non-toxicity for restorers and friendly for environment. Due to the fact that biorestoration has advantages and disadvantages, a better information of conservators and restorers in the use of the biotechnologies applied to restoration and conservation together with new results on optimizing the biocleaning and bioconsolidation about microorganisms, enzymes and bioactive molecules is needed. They will contribute to technological transfer on a large scale.