The social and structural determinants of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication treatment

Heat-associated illness is a spectrum of clinical manifestations that range from a self-limited heat edema, heat rash, and heat cramps to more severe manifestations such as heat tetany, heat exhaustion, and life-threatening heat stroke. Heat-associated illnesses are common among athletes, soldiers, and mass gatherings where the combination of extreme heat and lack of cooling area, shade, and hydration sources result in heat injuries. In recent years, heat illness occurring at large music festivals and celestial events (e.g., eclipse, meteor showers) has been exacerbated by widespread use of recreational psychotropic drugs, resulting in more severe heat illness that requires more aggressive therapy. Heat illnesses result from excessive heat load from the environment and the body's inability to dissipate heat resulting in cellular damage, organ dysfunction, and, if not treated properly, death. Delayed sequelae after severe heat illness can occur after return to normal body temperature, necessitating continued vigilance for muscle injury, renal function, and neurocognitive impairment. Successful treatment requires prompt recognition, careful patient assessment, prompt initiation of cooling protocols, volume and electrolyte replacement, and follow-up monitoring after a return to normal body temperature.