Carbon dioxide-assisted Torrefaction of Maize Cobs by Thermogravimetry: Product Yield and Energy Recovery Potentials
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLID STATE(2022)
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the potential product yields and energy recovery of maize cobs (MC) through carbon dioxide-assisted torrefaction using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The CO2-assisted torrefaction of MC was performed from 240 degrees C to 300 degrees C (Delta 30 degrees C) for the residence time of 30 minutes based on the selected non-isothermal/isothermal heating programme of the TGA. Furthermore, the physicochemical, microstructure and mineral characteristics of MC were examined. The results showed that the CO2-torrefaction of MC resulted in mass loss (ML) ranging from 18.45% to 55.17%, which resulted in the mass yield (MY) ranging from 81.55% to 44.83%. The HHV of the solid product was in the range from 22.55 MJ/kg to 26 MJ/kg, which indicates the CO2-torrefaction process enhanced the energy content of MC by 40% - 60%. In conclusion, the findings showed that the CO2 torrefaction is a practical, sustainable, and cost-effective approach for the valorisation of MC into a clean solid biofuel for enhanced energy recovery.
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Key words
Carbon dioxide, Torrefaction, Maize Cobs, Thermogravimetry, Energy Recovery
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