Corona Virus Disease 2019: Origin, Transmission, Diagnosis, Vaccine and Treatment: A Review Article

Corona virus is considered as the major pathogen that primarily threats the human respiratory system. Corona virus has been known to cause a systemic infection, which means affecting the entire body in its specific host. Moreover, natural recombination makes some of them capable to adapt greatly and jump the species barrier, causing pandemics or epidemics. Previous corona virus outbreaks that have been characterized as pathogens, caused a serious problem to public health including the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV. In December 2019, the first case was reported. The emergence of Novel Corona virus named as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is considered the causative agent of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The genome of SARS-CoV-2 is 29.9 kb. In SARS-CoV-2 the conventional methods were used to detect any viral infectious which mainly depends on the computed tomography, serology and molecular tests. The commonly molecular technique used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 is reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). However, there are several drugs available that have high antiviral activity against viruses especial SARS-CoV-2 as camostat mesylate and umifenovir. The mainly route of transmission is person-to-person contact with either symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. ORF8 is an accessory protein that considers one of the more rapidly evolving proteins in beta corona virus. There are many different functions of SARS-CoV-2 ORF8.