How Applicable Are Mindfulness-Based Interventions to Muslim Clients in the US?

Public Significance Statement This article explored the applicability of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for Muslim clients and strategies for religious adaptations of the MBIs, with consideration of within group diversities. A close comparison of the mindfulness approach and Islamic tenets indicates that the mindfulness strategies of consciousness, mindful observation, acting with awareness, intention, acceptance, positive reframing, and cognitive reflection are applicable to practicing Muslims, while accepting one's psychological problems without judgment and drawing on one's own wisdom to address psychological problems may be challenging for practicing Muslims. This article explores how mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are applicable to practicing Muslims in the U.S. who are seeking mental health treatment. A close comparison of the mindfulness approach and Islamic tenets indicates that the mindfulness techniques of consciousness, mindful observation, acting with awareness, intention, acceptance, positive reframing, and cognitive reflection are applicable to practicing Muslim clients, because these techniques share core similarities with their religious coping strategies. However, some mindfulness techniques, such as accepting one's psychological problem without judgment and drawing on one's own wisdom to address psychological problems may be challenging for practicing Muslims due to conflicts with their religious beliefs and coping strategies. Based on the review of religious compatibility and empirical studies on the efficacy of MBIs, this article explores how MBIs can be best adapted for Muslim clients based on the clients' religiosity and individual preference. In addition, this article includes specific religious considerations for four programs: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). With religious adaptations, MBIs can work in tandem with Muslim clients' religious beliefs and coping strategies, and possibly increase clients' likelihood to invest in and adhere to MBIs and effectively improve their mental health.