Confined Crystallization in the Self-Assembled Nanostructures of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polyethylene Glycol
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING(2022)
摘要
Thin layers of semicrystallized polymers covered on nanoparticles significantly influence the multiple properties of their nanocomposites because of the confined crystallization of polymers. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanorods have a hydroxy-rich surface that favors the hydrogen-bonding interaction with polymers and a twisted nanostructure, which can construct a chiral nematic liquid-crystal phase scaffold for the filling of polymers. All these make CNCs' self-assembled nanostructure a unique confined condition for polymers. Understanding the crystallization of polymers in the coassembled CNC/polymer composites presents a challenge in this regard. In this study, we focus on the confinement crystallization in the coassembled composites of CNCs and poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG). The composition-dependent changes in composite morphology and crystallization have been extensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, synchrotronic powder X-ray diffraction, synchrotronic grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. At low PEG content (10 wt.%), strong confinement has been identified, showing an extremely low crystallinity with tiny PEG crystallites. As the PEG reached 30 wt.%, the PEG (120) plane with the flat-on orientation of the crystal lamella appeared. As the PEG content increased continuously (40 wt.% to 50 wt.%), the intensity of the (120) plane of the PEG crystal became larger, accompanied by an increasing flat-on orientation degree. When the PEG weight percentage was up to 60 wt.%, the crystals grew randomly, losing their preferential orientation. The free growth of PEG crystals also induced a significantly decreased orientation degree of CNCs. The CNC/PEG system presents a mutual influence from two components, which enriches our understanding of the coassembly and confined crystallization of polymer composites. It will benefit the further modulation of CNC-based nanocomposites, both in their structures and properties.
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关键词
cellulose nanocrystals, self-assembled nanostructures, polymer nanocomposites, confined crystallization, orientation
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