Efficiency and residual effect of alternative potassium sources in grain crops

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency and the residual effects of both molten and ground alkaline potassium-silicate rocks (K1) and of ground phonolite rock (K2), as sources of potassium, compared with the traditional source (KC1), in grain crop successions. Two experiments - one with the succession soybean-wheat-corn and the other with the succession corn-millet-soybean - were conducted on a Typic Haplorthox in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of three sources (KC1, K1, and K2) and four rates of K (corresponding to 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 times the recommended rates for soybean and corn). The used sources did not affect leaf K concentration in soybean, but KC1 and K2 similarly increased leaf K concentration in corn. Regardless of the source, K application increased the yield of all crops. The K1 and K2 sources present agronomic efficiencies equivalent to that of KC1. K1 and K2 show a more pronounced residual effect than KC1, especially on crops grown approximately one year after their application and under K rates above those recommended for the crops.