Effect of Moisture Content on Sunflower Seed Physical and Mechanical Properties

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH IN AFRICA(2021)

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Abstract
This study investigated the effect of moisture content on some physical and mechanical properties of the sunflower seeds variety "DW667".The measured physical properties were (length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, sphericity, surface area of seed, one thousand seed mass, bulk, and true density and porosity) while the measured mechanical properties were (compressive load and displacement deformation for vertical and horizontal orientations). The properties were determined at 4, 10, 15, 20, and 25 % moisture content dry basis. An increase in the moisture content led to an increase in length, width, thickness, and equivalent diameter from 10.57 to 11.05 mm, 4.50 to 4.79 mm, 2.85 to 3.12 mm, 5.13 to 5.48 mm respectively. The sphericity increased slightly from 49 to 50. The surface area of seed increased from 82.95 to 94.53 mm(2), as well as the one thousand seed mass increased from 33.70 to 41.62 g. The seed's bulk and true density, porosity increased from 286.80 to 314.98 kg/m(3), 406.47 to 483.61 kg/m(3), 29.22 to 34.54 % respectively. The deformation displacement at the vertical and horizontal orientations of seeds increased, from 1.63 to 2.63 mm and 0.70 to 1.87 mm, respectively. While the required compressive force for rupture seeds decreased from 25.3 to 12.39 N and 11.5 to 5.63 N for vertical and horizontal orientations, respectively with moisture contents uprising from 4 to 25 %. The findings of this study will open new windows in farm mechanization for the designing and improvement of treatment machines for this type of crop.
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Key words
Sunflower seed, Moisture content, Physical properties, Mechanical properties
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