The structural and dilute magnetic properties of (Co, Li) co-doped-ZnO semiconductor nanoparticles

The structural, dielectric, and dilute magnetic properties measurements were carried out for the (Co, Li) co-doped-ZnO nanoparticles. It was found that the dielectric constant ( ε r ), dielectric loss ( ε ″) and ac electrical conductivity ( σ AC ) are strongly exhibited dependence behavior. The ε r and ε ″ values were decreased with the increase in frequency as well as increase in Li co-dopant concentration. It was also found that the ε r and ε ″ were decreased while the σ AC were increased with doping contents. The highest ferromagnetic behavior was found in 4% Li-co-doped sample. These results demonstrate that co-doped specimens have excellent dielectric, magnetic and electrical conductivities compared to previously reported studies. Such type of materials satisfy its applications in high frequency and spintronic-based devices. Graphical abstract A frequency dependence behavior of dielectric constant ( ε r ), dielectric loss ( ε ″) and ac electrical conductivity ( σ AC ). The ε r and ε ″ values were decreased with the increase in frequency, as well as increase in Li co-dopant concentration. It was also found that the ε r and ε ″ were decreased while the σ AC were increased. The generation of any defects ((positive, negative, or neutral) or oxygen vacancies) with an increase in Li co-doping results in a decrease in ε r and a system disorder. The number of dipoles will decrease due to their recombination, resulting in a decrease in the orientational polarization and a decrease in ε r .