Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Tonian island arc volcanic rocks from the Gabgaba Terrane in the Arabian-Nubian Shield (NE Sudan)

•The volcanic rocks in the Gabgaba Terrane were erupted during Tonian.•The volcanic rocks have positive εHf(t) values, indicative of derivation from a juvenile arc magmatism.•The depleted mantle source was metasomatized by slab-dehydration fluids.•The primitive magma was subjected to crustal assimilation prior to eruption.•The volcanic rocks were erupted during different stage of arc maturity.