A D-peptide-based HIV gelatinous combination vaccine improves therapy in ART-delayed macaques of chronic infection

•Using a one-step method to construct a new D-peptide-based gelatinous combination vaccine (GCV).•First to realize the efficient co-delivery of multiple types of HIV antigens and IL-21 adjuvant in non-human primates.•Optimizing the quality of immune responses and suppressing viral loads and reservoir in chronically infected rhesus macaques.•Identifying a checkpoint gene, MAMU-B, for mediating the immunoregulation of GCV in vivo.