Drivers of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) natural regeneration spread into suboptimal sites – Refugee or dead end?
Forest Ecology and Management（2022）
Abstract
•Ash dieback leads to ash retreat in European temperate forests.•We confirmed the seed dispersal limitation of ash natural regeneration.•Ash saplings escape distance-dependent mortality through the Janzen-Connell effect.•Groundwater table level, CaCO3, and soil C:N influence ash regeneration damage.•Suboptimal sites can serve as a refugee for ash natural regeneration.
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Key words
Forest demography,Ash saplings,Janzen-Connell effect,Distance-dependent mortality,Seed dispersal limitation,Soil fertility
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