Green synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Elicited a Prominent Suppression of Oxidative and Inflammatory Distortions in Rats Exposed to Carbon Tetrachloride

This study centered on Zinc oxide nanoparticles capped with Pterocarpus mildbraedii leaf extracts (PmZnONPs) as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) - induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats. PmZnONPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The FTIR results revealed the presence of various functional groups in PmZnONPs, while the BET showed a surface area of 1.55 mg-2. In vitro, PmZnONPS showed comparable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals scavenging activities as Vitamin C. After that, PmZnONPs (1 and 3 mg/kg) were administered (p.o.) into six groups of rats, using CCl4 as the toxicant. The obtained results demonstrated that PmZnONPS significantly prevented CCl4-induced elevations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin (BIL), creatinine, and urea. Moreover, PmZnONPs restored the levels of plasma uric acid, hepatorenal antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione that were significantly decreased by CCl4 treatment. Immunohistochemical studies showed that PmZnONPs significantly suppressed the high immunoreactivity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) arising from CCl4 intoxication. Thus our data hint that PmZnONPs suppressed CCl4-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of rats via its combined antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties.