From ablation to operation: Unraveling the surgical outcomes and complications of thyroidectomy after radiofrequency ablation

Background: Radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for thyroid nodules; however, concerns exist regarding its impact on subsequent thyroid surgery. We compared surgical outcomes and complications between patients undergoing thyroidectomy after radiofrequency ablation (post-radio-frequency ablation thyroidectomy group) and those without prior radiofrequency ablation (non-radio-frequency ablation thyroidectomy group).Methods: We retrospectively analyzed thyroidectomy patients, comparing post-radiofrequency ablation thyroidectomy and non-radiofrequency ablation thyroidectomy groups, examining demographics, nodule characteristics, surgical techniques, and complications.Results: The study included 96 patients (73 in the non-radiofrequency ablation thyroidectomy group and 23 in the post-radiofrequency ablation thyroidectomy group). The mean age was 53.3 +/- 14.4 years, with 78.1% female patients and 36.5% African American patients. Median operative time was similar between the post-radiofrequency ablation thyroidectomy (110 minutes) and the non-radiofrequency ablation thyroidectomy (92 minutes) cohorts (P = .40). Complications were reported in 13 patients, without significant differences between groups (P = .54). No permanent complications, including nerve injury or hypoparathyroidism, were reported in either cohort. Prior radiofrequency ablation treatment did not increase the risk of complications (odds ratio = 3.48, 95% confidence interval = 0.70-17.43, P = .16).Conclusion: Our work found no differences in outcomes or safety in patients undergoing thyroidectomy with or without previous radiofrequency ablation treatment, potentiating the post-radiofrequency ablation thyroidectomy group as a safe management option. Accordingly, this may reassure both clini-cians and patients of the safety of radiofrequency ablation in treating patients with thyroid nodules.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).