Far from flint: Inferring land-use and social networks from Middle and Upper Palaeolithic lithic assemblages (Cardina-Salto do Boi, Côa Valley, Portugal)

•Cardina preserves a unique Middle to Upper Palaeolithic sequence in Inland Iberia.•The extension of Neanderthal’s social networks is key factor for its demise.•Lithic sourcing indirectly documents past foragers land use and social networks.•At Cardina, Neanderthal subsistence system differed from Modern Humans’.•At Cardina, Modern humans’ social networks are more extensive than Neanderthals’.