Metal-organic framework derived multi-functionalized and co-doped TiO2/C nanocomposites for excellent visible-light photocatalysis

•Multi-functionalized TiO2/C composites are produced from Ti-MOF under diverse gases.•Pyrolysis gas atmosphere plays vital role to affect the formed TiO2/C composites.•TiO2 nanoparticles uniformly distributed in porous carbons in all TiO2/C composites.•Adsorption of MB in dark on all TiO2/C is dominated with pseudo second-order kinetic.•Composite N-O-TiO2/C formed in water vapor shows excellent photodegradation of MB under visible light.