Prothrombin Fragment 1 + 2 in Urine and Plasma and D-dimer in Patients with Clinically Suspected Venous Thromboembolism

In recent years, several biomarkers have been found to be associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). D-dimer is a degradation product of a cross-linked fibrin blood clot and has a negative value in the diagnosis of DVT. Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (p F1 + 2) is a non-thrombotic polypeptide that is cleaved from Prothrombin during its conversion to thrombin. The study aims to evaluate the D-dimer and to evaluate Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 in urine and plasma in clinically suspected DVT patients. This study comprised of 30 patients who are clinically suspected cases of deep vein thrombosis, carried out from July 2018 to May 2020 in the Department of General Surgery, IMS BHU, Varanasi. In our study, D-dimer and plasma F1 + 2 both showed comparable results in patients of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Proximal DVT tended to have higher levels of D-dimer and had significantly higher levels of F1 + 2 than patients with distal DVT. In our study, a positive correlation was found between D-dimer and plasma F1 + 2 ( r = 0.588 and p -value 0.006) in DVT-positive patients. There is no correlation between plasma D-dimer and urine F1 + 2 ( r = − 0.0.07 and p -value 0.769) In conclusion, Prothrombin F1 + 2 is an important marker raised in patients with DVT.