A temperature-dependent hydrating structure around SO42- investigated from Raman spectroscopy

The Raman spectra of H2O/D2O-Na2SO4 solutions are measured at temperatures (T) up to 573 K. The hydrating structure of SO42- is investigated based on the solute-correlated (SC) OD/OH stretch bands obtained by the multivariate curve resolution method. Remaining a nearly constant wavenumber of the main peak with increasing temperature, the SC OD/OH bands are narrowed first due to the reduced relative intensity of the shoulder at 2395/similar to 3245 cm(-1) when T < similar to 473 K/similar to 513 K but then because the OD/OH bands get sunken around 2610/3580 cm(-1) above similar to 473/,similar to 513 K (letting the ,similar to 2660/similar to 3635 cm(-1) mode be more prominent and even a separate peak). These spectral features incline to support a temperature-dependent water structure in the SO(4)(2-)hydration shell balanced by the SO42-center dot center dot center dot H2O(D2O) and O-H(D)center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds (those with D are stronger) as well as the electrostatics. Most hydrating water molecules are engaged in hydrogen bonding configurations of single donor (SD) and single hydrogen-bond water (SHW). As temperature rises, the average number of hydrogen bonds per hydrating water molecule decreases below similar to 373 K because of the SD -> SHW transition and increases afterward owning to the rapid increase of the ion pairs, and SO42- changes its role from structure breaker to structure maker above similar to 453 K. The temperaturedependent solubility behavior of Na2SO4 in H2O can be rationalized by the ion pairing effect and temperature-dependent structure details in SO42- hydration shell.