Trauma of the Orbit

Zusammenfassung Die Behandlung orbitaler Verletzungen gehort zum Alltag der medizinischen Akutversorgung. Bei 10-25% aller Gesichtsverletzungen ist die Orbita beteiligt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen uberblick uber die moglichen Pathologien nach Orbitatrauma sowie das primardiagnostische Vorgehen und die therapeutischen Optionen. Abstract Orbital trauma is a common medical emergency with potentially sight-threatening complications. Due to the confined orbital conditions, any direct injury or space-consuming lesion may cause serious tissue damage. Possible complications are orbital fractures, foreign body injuries, development of orbital compartment syndrome and traumatic optic neuropathy. Clinical signs include periorbital hematoma or emphysema, subconjunctival hemorrhage, proptosis, decreased ocular mobility, decreased vision, increased intraocular pressure and relative afferent pupillary defect. Ophthalmic status and low-dose CT-imaging provide key information regarding the therapeutic decision. Treatment options include surgical exploration, reconstruction or decompression or a conservative approach with anti-inflammatory or anti-glaucomatous medication. Rapid interdisciplinary diagnostics and therapy is critical for early detection and prevention of irreversible functional loss respectively. Considering the frequent association with life-threatening comorbidities diagnosis may be complicated.