Exploring the influence of the North Pacific Rossby wave sources on the variability of summer atmospheric circulation and precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere

The influence of Rossby waves emitted in the northeastern Pacific Ocean on the Northern Hemisphere’s atmosphere during summer is analysed using ERA5 reanalysis and a new large ensemble performed with the EC-Earth3 model. The Rossby Wave Sources (RWS) trigger wave-like patterns arising from the upper troposphere of the north-eastern Pacific region, causing a response around the Northern Hemisphere with alternating regions of positive and negative correlation values between RWS and geopotential height at 500 hPa. Increased RWS intensity during summer is related to negative temperature anomalies over western North America, and positive temperature anomalies over eastern North America, concurrently with increased precipitation over the western subtropical Atlantic and Northern Europe during summer. Colder than normal conditions on the North Pacific Ocean intensify the RWS and its impact on the global atmospheric circulation. Different warm or cold states in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans modify the atmospheric response to RWS, showing a change in the middle troposphere (500 hPa) towards a more-wavy structure with cold Pacific conditions, and towards a less-wavy structure with a warm Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, the North Atlantic plays a very important role in hindering (in the case of warm water) or permitting (cold water) that Rossby waves generated in the Pacific modulate the atmospheric conditions over Europe.