A new leaky wave antenna using wire-loaded metagratings: The theoretical analysis and implementation

A new leaky wave antenna (LWA) based on wire-loaded metagratings (MGs) is proposed, with the capability of successfully employing MGs for leaky modes. Periodic capacitive-wired and inductive-wired MGs are located on a dielectric substrate in the LWA framework and backed by a perfect electric conductor (PEC) layer. These MGs are partial radial surfaces to radiate energy using equivalent surface impedance with a local value of the complex wavenumber. A theoretical analysis has created a model for the equivalent electromagnetic fields produced via loaded-wire MGs and generated the Z-matrix and S-matrix for a two-port structure from the electromagnetic fields. As a result, a beam-scanning range of 53 degrees for the operating bandwidth of 9.9-11.9 GHz is achieved with a scanning sensitivity of 26.5 degrees/GHz. Meanwhile, the realized gain is obtained up to 12.9 dB. The measurement and simulation results indicated that the MGs LWA was consistent. The proposed antenna performed admirably in beam-steering communication systems.