A Systematic Literature Review of Rammed Earth Walls

Rammed earth structures consist of soil piers, natural materials, and water, which are hammered in thin layers in a container. Rammed earth walls are the primary elements of rammed earth structures and offer high-quality insulation properties as well as recyclability. Unfortunately, only minimal information is available regarding rammed earth structures, especially in new material areas such as nanomaterials and finite element modeling. In this context, this paper reviews the factors that can be used to identify the environmental impacts of rammed earth walls and demonstrates the need for using new materials in rammed earth structures. Several previous experimental and numerical studies are discussed to establish a framework for better understanding the history and future of rammed earth structures.