Effects of Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Derived from Black Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) and Enzymatically Acylated Cyanidin-3-Glucoside Lauryl Ester on Intestinal Microorganisms In Vitro

In this paper, cyanidin-3-glucoside was isolated and purified from black rice, then enzymatic acylation with lauric acid to obtain cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester. The structure of cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester was characterized by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then the potential proliferative effect on probiotics and inhibitory effect on harmful bacteria of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester were studied in vitro. The effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester on the composition of human fecal intestinal flora and its metabolic pathway were also analyzed through 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicated that cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester was better than cyanidin-3-glucoside in promoting the growth of B. adolescentis, B. infantis, L. thermophiles, and L. acidophilus as well as inhibiting the growth of S. dysenteriae, Y enterocolitica, S. enteritidis, and S. typhi. Additionally, the proliferative effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester was significantly improved in a lower media pH due to the intestinal microbial metabolism to produce more organic acids, such as propionic acid, phenyllactic acid, and lauric acid. The study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of cyanidin-3-glucoside lauryl ester in the intestinal health.