Association between adrenal function and dialysis vintage in hemodialysis patients

Introduction Adrenal insufficiency in hemodialysis patients is commonly encountered in clinical practice. However, its association with end-stage renal disease is unclear. We investigated the relationship between adrenal function and relevant clinical parameters, focusing on dialysis vintage. Methods Altogether, 100 maintenance hemodialysis patients were enrolled (age: 69.8 ± 11.8 years, dialysis vintage: 9.4 ± 9.2 years). Basal serum cortisol levels were measured and their associations with relevant clinical parameters were investigated. Subsequently, hormone stimulation tests were performed to assess adrenal function. Results Basal serum cortisol significantly decreased with an increase in dialysis vintage (< 10 years, 11.9 ± 3.7 μg/dL; 10–19 years, 10.9 ± 2.9 μg/dL; ≥ 20 years, 9.7 ± 3.8 μg/dL). Basal cortisol was negatively correlated with dry weight, β2-microglobulin, creatinine, and lymphocyte count and positively correlated with brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity. Significant negative correlations were observed between basal cortisol and dialysis vintage after adjusting for confounding variables in the multivariate analysis. Standard adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation tests were performed in 17 patients. Seven patients were diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency and all of them had a long dialysis vintage (≥ 10 years). According to the rapid ACTH test, cortisol responses were significantly decreased in patients with long dialysis vintage compared to those with short dialysis vintage (< 10 years). Similar findings were observed in ten patients without adrenal insufficiency. The CRH loading test showed similar tendencies, although the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions Adrenal function decreased with an increase in dialysis vintage. Long-term dialysis patients might be susceptible to adrenal insufficiency.