An overview of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Diagnosis and treatment advancements

•Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common medical condition affecting millions of patients worldwide.•Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical history and physical examination findings, including sensory and proprioceptive testing.•Currently, there is no consensus regarding best practices in the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.•Recent advancements in neuromodulation, specifically high frequency spinal cord stimulation, have paved the way for prompt inclusion within the painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy treatment algorithm.•Diagnosis may also involve neurological function studies, imaging, and laboratory investigations as necessary to rule out other potential pathologies.