Groundwater quality parameters for irrigation utilization: A review

Groundwater is a critical natural resource. Unfortunately, owing to indiscriminate withdrawals due to increased water demand, this essential resource is under intense pressure. Groundwater tables are depleting at an accelerated rate and the groundwater quality is turning inferior due to exaggerated natural processes and inappropriate artificial activities. This review gives insight into the numerous irrigation water quality measures as well as describes the effects of poor quality groundwater on crop yield and soil characteristics. Water quality is measured and assessed in accordance with the water's intended use. Salinity hazards, sodium hazards, salt levels, alkalinity hazards, permeability hazards, and ion-specific toxicity hazards are all indicators for water quality evaluation. Improper irrigation water use has messed up soil and water quality. Low water quality must be managed carefully in salt-affected soil. The important elements that detennine crop output and soil quality are also depicted in this review. The ruin is to help better understand the effects of water quality on soil and crops, as well as to assist in the selection of appropriate alternative solutions to address potential water quality issues that could reduce yield under current use conditions.