Highlighting relations between Wave-particle duality, Uncertainty principle, Phase space and Microstates

The wave-particle duality is often considered as the modern and satisfactory answer that man found in searching to know the nature of light after more than 2000 years of questioning. It is also the answer given by quantum physics concerning the nature of matter particles and any other radiations. The aim of this work is to perform an analysis of this concept of wave-particle duality from a historical, philosophical and scientific point of view and to study and discuss about the relations which exist between it, the uncertainty principle and the concepts of phase space and microstates considered in statistical mechanics. These relations will be described and analyzed both from a physico-mathematical and historico-philosophical perspective. It is, in particular, highlighted that while the concepts of phase space and microstates were already introduced in classical physics long before the discovery of the wave-particle duality, a correct understanding of them cannot be achieved without quantum physics. But conversely, it is also shown that the relations of the wave-particle duality with uncertainty principle, phase space and microstates that are highlighted can help in a deeper understanding and more adequate description of this duality.