Non-clustering of sp (3) fluorine adatoms on pristine graphene surface

Fluorination can change graphene's properties, and which is theoretically relative to fluorination pattern of sp (3) fluorine adatoms on graphene surface. The common view for the pattern is that it can easily form as a large cluster for the low migration barrier of fluorine adatoms on pristine graphene surface. Here, we report that sp (3) fluorine adatoms are well-dispersed rather than clustered due to that the intensity ratio of 1.8 for C-CF/CF peaks (R) of fluorinated graphene is much higher than R approximate to 0 for clustered pattern. The low magnetic inducing efficiency of 1 mu (B)/1000F adatoms indicates that the 'nonmagnetic' fluorine pairs rather than 'magnetic' fluorine 'points' dominate the well-dispersed sp (3) pattern. Our findings introduce a new insight into the fluorination structure properties of fluorinated and other sp (3) functionalized such as hydrogenated, chlorinated, or hydroxylated graphene and other carbon materials.