Trace metal contents in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from Atlantic coastal areas in northwestern Morocco: Levels of contamination and assessment of potential risks to human health

The bioaccumulation of trace metals Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in soft tissues of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was studied seasonally along the Atlantic coast of northwestern Morocco. Average concentrations (mu g g(-1) dry weight) decreased in the following order: Zn (141.61 +/- 78.06) > Cr (22.57 +/- 15.47) > Cu (18.95 +/- 20.01) > Cd (16.33 +/- 19.01), with higher amounts during wet seasons. The "Metal Pollution Index" and "Individual Multimetal Bioaccumulation Index" suggested a higher mussel contamination in industrialized areas. Moreover, Cd and Cr concentrations were above the permissible guidelines' limits. The related risks to human health associated with mussel consumption were also assessed. The "Target Hazard Quotient" for Cd and Cr revealed a threat to children when mussels originated from polluted stations, while the "Hazard Index" indicated a hazard to them in all stations. Regarding the "Maximum Safe Consumption", children should not consume mussels, even in low quantities. This study represents the first datum in Morocco to assess such a risk to human health.