Understanding biofilm physical and chemical properties at the molecular level

Bacteria biofilms are multicellular communities where bacteria self-produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) made of DNA, proteins and polysaccharides. These biofilms not only confer resistance against environmental stress and antibiotics, but their physical and chemical properties can also be modulated upon exposure to external stimuli. For example, biofilm ECM containing functional amyloids fibrils show higher mechanical robustness and chemical resistance. Amyloids are also known for contributing to the adhesion properties of the biofilm.