Toll-like receptor ligand-peptide conjugates in the immunomodulatory response of food allergy

Covalent conjugation of allergens to Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) ligands lead to structures that enhance allergen interaction with antigen presenting cells and modulate the immune response. They can present peptide epitopes in an allergen-specific manner, with potential applications for designing vaccines and developing a tolerance response in food allergy (FA). We aimed to address the potential applicability of TLR4/TLR7 ligands and Pru p 3 allergen conjugates in FA immunotherapy.