Risk assessment of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in strawberries imported into China

Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) pose a considerable health risk worldwide. In recent years, many cases of virus infection caused by virus-contaminated strawberries have occurred worldwide. This study applied a critical control point system to analyze the main hazards during the production and marketing of strawberries imported into China and explore the key control points in the whole process. To further evaluate the risks in the supply chain, the established quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used to determine the probability that residents would be infected with viruses after consuming imported strawberries. It was found that the risk of virus contamination from imported strawberries was low, and the virus contamination mainly results from water resources and personnel. This research helps the regulatory authorities formulate strategies to ensure the long-term microbial safety of imported strawberries. In addition, the methods may prove useful in evaluating the risks of other agricultural produce. Enteroviruses are the main cause of outbreaks of foodborne diseases. We investigated the risk of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in imported strawberries based on the supply chain from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. In the strawberry supply chain, the virus contamination factors were determined by the critical control point system.image