Evaluation of Bio-Agents, Synthetic Insecticides and Organic Amendment Against the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Spp. in Cardamom [elettaria Cardamomum (L.) Maton]
Journal of biological control(2022)
Abstract
Investigations were made to study the effects of three nemato-pathogenic fungi viz. Purpureocillium lilacinum, P. lilacinum + neem cake, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Trichoderma sp. as well as two synthetic insecticides (cartap hydrochloride and carbosulfan) against the Root-knot Nematodes (RKN) of cardamom at the farmers’ fields in three locations of Idukki district, Kerala, India during 2016- 2019. Results revealed that the combined application of P. lilacinum with neem cake gave maximum reduction of typical symptoms of infestation like the leaf narrowing (6.42%) and root knot formation (1.32 nos.) followed by P. chlamydosporia with 8.04% narrowed leaves and 1.83 root knots. The application of P. lilacinum and neem cake in combination (0.82 kg/plant and 2.99) followed by P. chlamydosporia (0.71 kg/plant and 2.71 recorded highest yield and Benefit Cost Ratio, respectively). Bio-control agents are therefore efficient and environmentally safer for managing the RKN in cardamom. Future studies can be directed to focus on the compatibility and efficiency enhancement of these bio-agents with organic amendments.
MoreTranslated text
AI Read Science
Must-Reading Tree
Example
![](https://originalfileserver.aminer.cn/sys/aminer/pubs/mrt_preview.jpeg)
Generate MRT to find the research sequence of this paper
Chat Paper
Summary is being generated by the instructions you defined