Clinical Association of Biochemical Variations Among Multilocus Genotypes of Antioxidant Enzymes with Susceptibility of Cataract in Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia plays a pronounced role in accelerating the process of aging due to high oxidative stress which triggers dyslipidemia and subsequently led to the progression of cataract. The aim of this study was to investigate lipid profile and its relationship with genotypes of SOD1 , GPX1 , and CAT variants in cataract patients. Total n = 680 samples were screened in four groups: senile cataract (SC), diabetic cataract (DC), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and controls (CL). Lipid profile was estimated and compared between groups, and its correlation was tested with glycemic markers. Association of SOD1 50 bp Indel, GPX1 (rs1800668), and CAT (rs1001179) genotypes with all clinical variables was investigated in cataract groups by regression statistics in SPSS® 16.0. Comparative analysis revealed that amount of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein parameters were significantly higher in both groups of cataracts when compared with controls ( p < 0.01). Statistically higher levels of triglycerides were also evident in DM patients as compared with other three groups ( p < 0.01). Significant weak positive correlation of glycated hemoglobin, fasting (FBG), and random blood glucose (RBG) levels was observed with triglycerides in DM ( r = 0.16), SC ( r = 0.15), and DC ( r = 0.18) groups. Mutant genotype of SOD1 and CAT variants indicated significant association with TC, whereas GPX1 variant with FBG levels in accelerating predisposition of cataract in patients with diabetes (OR > 1.0). Outcomes suggested that TG may serve as a potential biomarker of lipid profile with manifestation of cataract in type 2 DM. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia demonstrated an inducing role in the pathogenesis of cataract with aging in hyperglycemia. Graphical Abstract