In Vitro Study on the Biological Characteristics of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Liposuction Area in Patients with Progressive Hemifacial Atrophy

Objective In this study, we investigate the biological characteristics of ADSCs from the liposuction area in patients with hemifacial atrophy in vitro. Methods ADSCs were respectively extracted from the donor site of patients with hemifacial atrophy and healthy ones. ADSCs of two groups were respectively tested for proliferation ability, phenotype, multipotency, migration ability, self-repair ability, apoptosis, and autophagy. Exosomes extracted from the supernatant of two groups were detected by NTA particle size, electron microscopy (TEM), and WB for CD63 and TSG10, respectively. Results CCK-8 showed a statistically less increase in cell proliferation in PHA-ADSCs after the sixth day. ADSCs in both groups had typical phenotypes and multidirectional abilities. PHA-ADSCs exhibited weaker droplet formation. The cell migration ability in PHA-ADSCs was weaker tested by Transwell assay. The live/dead proportion calculated by ImageJ following calcein-AM/PI double staining revealed live cells in PHA-ADSCs was 46.11% compared with 54.21% in NORM-ADSCs after OGD treatment. A significant down-regulation of ATG7 and ATG12 and a higher percentage of apoptosis were found in PHA-ADSCs. A significant up-regulation of BAX occurred in PHA-ADSCs.ARPC5 expression in the PHA group was extremely distinct down-regulated.CDKN1A and CDKN2A expression in the PHA group was significantly up-regulated.WB analyses confirmed that both groups' ADSCs-Exosomes surface markers CD63 and TSG101 were positively expressed but varied significantly. Conclusions PHA-ADSCs exhibited a poorer proliferation ability, higher apoptosis percentage, weaker lipid droplets formation, weaker cell migration, poorer intolerance to OGD, aging earlier, and weaker self-renewal and repairability.PHA-ADSCs-Exosomes showed low expressions of CD63 and TSG101.This study provides strong evidence that the addition of exosomes with specific cytokines can improve the fat survival rate after fat filling in patients with hemifacial atrophy. No Level Assigned This journal requires that authors 42 assign a level of evidence to each submission to which 43 Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This 44 excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts 45 that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver 46 Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of 47 these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the 48 Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors 49 https://www.springer.com/00266 .