Outcomes in Medicare-ineligible people living with human immunodeficiency virus in a large healthcare network in Melbourne 2004-2019

Australia has approximately 1.6 million Medicare-ineligible residents, of whom around 450 are living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). We examined the outcomes in a cohort of 50 Medicare-ineligible patients presenting to our hospital network over a 15-year period: 31 women (62%) and 19 men. Twenty-four were newly diagnosed. Sixteen of 24 remained in Australia more than 1 year after diagnosis. Although the mean CD4 count at initial contact was 353 cells/mm(3) (range 3-2228; standard deviation (SD) = 452.88), 13 people required treatment for opportunistic infections and 21 people required hospital admissions related to HIV, incurring total estimated hospital costs of $886 310. The mean number of contact years spent with the service was 2.2 (range 0-12; SD = 2.6) and 20 people remain under care. Twenty-seven PLHIV remain in Australia, seven have transferred care within Australia, two people are known to have died and eight are lost to follow up. The median number of admissions was 0 (range 0-4; SD = 1) and median length of admission was 5 days (range 0-73; SD = 19). Many people leave Australia shortly after a diagnosis of HIV, but most Medicare-ineligible PLHIV remain. Delays in diagnosing HIV and acquiring Medicare status are associated with a significant burden of disease and cost. Keeping people well, on therapy and out of hospital is likely to be cost-saving in addition to good clinical practice.