Ecological, environmental, and management data indicate apple production is driven by wild bee diversity and management practices

Timothy Weekers,Leon Marshall,Nicolas Leclercq,Thomas J. Wood,Diego Cejas,Bianca Drepper,Michael Garratt,Louise Hutchinson,Stuart Roberts,Jordi Bosch,Laura Roquer-Beni,Patrick Lhomme,Denis Michez,Jean-Marc Molenberg,Guy Smagghe,Peter Vandamme,Nicolas J. Vereecken

Ecological Indicators（2022）

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摘要

•Wild bees provide sustainable pollination services.•Wild bee diversity is positively related to apple seed set.•Apple yields are mainly driven by management practices.•A heavy use of honey bees is detrimental to the surrounding pollinator diversity.

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关键词

Agroecology,Pollinator,Orchards,Organic farming,Diversity,Sustainability

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