Relevance of Nanoparticles on Micropropagtion, Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Characterization of Sequoia sempervirens L. Plant.

Micropropagation is essential in plant biology for the propagation of economic trees, plant improvement, genetic manipulation and bioactive compounds production. In recent years, the nanoparticles application has had successes in the improvement of plant characters, root induction, enhancing secondary metabolites. So, this study aims to examine the effect of three concentrations of Fe, Al, Zn and Ti nano oxides (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/L) on the improvement of growth behavior, pigment content, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and specific activities of redox enzymes. In addition, to detect the genetic polymorphism between untreated and the best treated Sequoia sempervirens L. plant. Murashing and Skoog (MS) media at 75% of the original concentration containing 0.2 mg/L BA were individually fortified with nano Fe, Al, Zn, and Ti oxides, under standard control conditions in vitro. Selected morphological characters, total chlorophyll and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of treated explants were determined and compared with the untreated plant (control). The specific activities of peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase of plant groups were calculated using guaiacol, hydrogen peroxide and catechol as substrates under enzyme assay conditions, respectively. The results showed that the highest shoot number and length were 18.09 and 75.71 mm as well as the greatest root percentage and root number were 55.55% and 3.088 of shootlets treated with 10 mg/L Ti NPs. Whereas, the highest total chlorophyll, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 220.35 mg/100g F.W, 3.41±0.28 mg GAE/g D.W and 1.67±0.12 mg CE/g D.W, respectively, with 5 mg/L Ti NPs treated shootlets. In addition, the treatment of shootlets with 10 mg/L Fe NPs has significantly increased the activities of the selected enzyme, whereas the maximum specific activity of polyphenol oxidase was 18.60 U/mg with shootlets fortified with 10 mg/L Ti NPs. Moreover, RAPD-PCR indicated that the superlative treatment with Ti NPs (10 mg/L) showed a low similarity comparable with control (74%). Briefly, Ti NPs shows a great enhancement in the morphological behavior of plant and, therefore, a high production in vivo in a short time.