Caloric restriction overcomes pre-diabetic and hypertension induced by high fat diet and renal artery stenosis

BackgroundCaloric restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention enjoyed as an essential tool in weight loss by modulating critical pathways of metabolic control, although it is not yet clear what repercussions this intervention model results when associated with renovascular hypertension. Here we demonstrate that CR can be beneficial in obese and hypertensive animals.MethodsRats were divided into groups: SHAM, and two groups underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery, to induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was performed: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high fat diet + 4 weeks restricted 40% high fat diet.Resultsthe OHR group dissipated blood pressure, body weight and glucose homeostasis. Reductions in insulinemia, lipids, islets fibrotic areas in the OHR group were observed along with increased insulin sensitivity and normalization of the insulin-degrading enzyme. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, insulin receptor, Sirtuin 1 and complex II protein were modulated in liver tissue in the OHR group. Strong correlations, direct or indirect, were evaluated by Spearman’s model between SIRT1, AMPK, NAMPT, PGC-1α and NNMT with the reestablishment of blood pressure, weight loss, glycidic and lipid panel and mitochondrial adaptation.ConclusionCR provided short-term beneficial effects to recover physiological parameters induced by a high-fat diet and renal artery stenosis in obese and hypertensive animals. These benefits, even in the short term, can bring physiological benefits in the long run.